Arthrosis is a chronic disease in which degenerative-dystrophic changes occur in the joints.Arthrosis can disrupt the function of the joint, and in later stages, the joints of the joint and loss of motor functions may occur.
Arthrosis in women
The predisposition for the arthrosis is reported.The innate characteristics or shortcomings of the binding tissue structure and joints (dysplasia) may affect the development of the disease, especially in combination with acquired factors.Among the last ones can be injuries, obesity and other diseases.
At the age of 45, Arthrosis is diagnosed in 2-3% of women, but that percentage increases by more than 10 times in the age of 45 to 60 years.After reaching 65, the symptoms of arthrosis are in 70% of women.Men suffer from this disease somewhat less often.
Arthrosis in pregnant women
Arthrosis in pregnant women can comply with a child's bearing.And not only because due to the inevitable increase in body weight, the load on the joints increases significantly.During pregnancy, it is necessary to switch off or significantly reduce the use of certain medications used to treat arthrosis.
Therefore, pregnancy in a woman with an arthrosis of joints is done in the close interaction of gynecologists, orthopedic and rheumatologists.Doctors jointly solve issues related to the treatment plan of arthritis, taking medicines, prescribing a special regime.Perhaps a pregnant woman will need to carry special orthopedic devices designed to facilitate the course of arthrosis and do not interfere in the fetal bed.
Arthrosis in women in menopause
Women whose body is involved in the menopause period, the risk of joint arthritis due to changes in the hormone background.The health of bones, joints and ligaments depends on the level of estrogen.Reducing the level of female hormones, related to the beginning of menopause, can only lead to osteoporosis, but also to the beginning of degenerative changes in the joints and development of arthrosis.
Arthrosis in men
Often arthrosis joints develops in adulthood in men who abuse some types of physical exercises.Especially this often happens after a long break in sports.To restore the previous physical form, one can try to engage in the previous intensity.But excessive load leads to arthrosis faster than relief muscles.
Arthrosis in children
At an early age, the arthrosis of the joint is rare, but such a diagnosis in children is still found.
Arthrosis in small children
The probability of arthrosis at an early age increases if the child has innate disruptions to the system bone structure.It can be a dysplasia blend of the side or damage to the structure of the spine, elbow or knees.Changing the picnic circuit geometry causes the occurrence of overload, negative acting on the components of the component.At the same time the muscles are not yet sufficiently developed to compensate for the shortcomings of the structure.
Arthrosis in adolescents
In adolescence, arthrosis can be associated with injuries received during sports or outdoors.Another reason is not sufficiently balanced diet, hormonal restructuring puberty, rapid bone growth with a lagging of mass and muscle strength.
Arthrosis of lower extremity joints
Most often, the large joints of the lower extremities suffer from arthrosis.But there is also damage to smaller joints: For example, arthritis joints of fingers on the foot.
Knee joint arthrosis (gonartost)
The arthrosis of the knee is often found in men who have engaged in sports with a large load.The wise amount of squats, with or without weighting, can quickly wear a layer of cartilage and cause the knee wrist arthrosis.
The first alarming signs of the knee joint arthrosis are distinctive crushing and clicks in the movement.The pain comes later, which is why the patient does not notice current degenerative changes.
With timely treatment, the arthrosis of the knee joint can be defeated or at least stop the development of the disease.
Ankle joint arthrosis (cruzartrosis)
Ankle joint is very mobile and perform important functions when walking, running and jumping.The ankle joint arthrosis can lead a person in a disability in just a few years, if treatment does not start in a timely manner.
But the early diagnosis of the ankle joint remains problematic, because there are no nerve endings in the very cruncheist, and longer the pain does not feel pain.Pathological changes are developed, almost in no way to feel.In the early stages of the ankle joint arthrosis, it is usually discovered by accident.
Arthrosis of the hip joint (coxarttrose)
Coxartrosis or hip joint arthrosis, belongs to the most common and worst lesions of the lower extremities.As a rule, the pain is absent for long.The pain appears already when the wrist is significantly destroyed.It is very dangerous, because it is a hook joint that carries the main load associated with the body mass.
Arthrosis of foot joints
Although arthrosis often affects large joints, small compounds may suffer and.The reason for the development of the arthrosis of the foot joints may be violations, indigenous disorders in the structure of limbs, straight feet, unpleasant shoes, acts in which a person spends a lot of time on their feet.Often the development of the feet arthrosis can cause vascular diseases, which is why the blood supply of limbs is disturbed, as well as endocrine and metabolic diseases.
A missed bone in the thumb base very often appears precisely because of the arthrosis of the fingers.After the deformation of the first joint, he can direct the expansion of the process of other fingers.
Arthrosis of upper extremity joints
Although the upper limbs make a smaller load than at a lower, armrosis of hand joints causes a lot of problem with the patient.
Arthrosis of brush joints
Statistics says: This type of arthrosis is located in women much more often than in men.And it is manifested, as a rule, after the beginning of the menopause, although the first symptoms of arthrosis can occur earlier.
It is precisely the arthrosis of the joints of fingers that interfere with the hands, making joints with the mountain, swollen and fingers - curves.
The deformation of the joint is very poorly affected by fine motor skills.Hard becoming not only to keep small objects in your hands, put the thread in needle, the tribe and write.In periods of deterioration, the painful fingers are unable to hold a spoon, and tea tea must be raised with two hands, and then it can slide.
A joint elbow arthrosis
This type of joint arthrosis is relatively rare.Usually, the cause of disease development lies in injuries, inflammatory diseases, hard work, excessive enthusiasm for some sports.
Although the elbow usually does not carry significant loads, changes caused by arthrosis can thoroughly interfere with normal life.Violation of mobility can even take away the person's ability to perform the usual action in life, including servicing their own needs.
Arthrosis of the shoulder wrist
Arthrosis shoulders compound is not too common.If in an early stage of shoulder arthrosis development, the pain appears relatively rarely, and then the joint destroys the situation, the situation worsens.
The hand becomes painful for lifting and turning, the pain intensifies when they are very raised and time changes.Walking pain does not allow sleep: the patient cannot find the position of the body in which the shoulder would not hurt.
Arthrosis of temporomandibular wrist
If the arthrosis of the handheld can interfere with the patient to transfer a tablespoon with food on the mouth, and the arthrosis of a smart smart compound (TMS) prevents your mouth.But that is in the last stage of the disease, when the jaw joint suffered significant destruction, and the growth of bones were deprived of mobility.
The cause of the disease is a violation of bite, innate or acquired due to the destruction or loss of teeth.The development of arthrosis may cause injuries, inflammatory processes in the wrist.
Arthrosis of spine joints (spondylartost)
The arthrosis of the door of the door is developing due to violation of the bone structure and cartilage;Due to a long stay at the wrong body position during work.The reason may be injuries, inflammation, hard work, blood supply violation in the spine and many other factors.
The arthrosis of the spine is dangerous in that joint deformation can lead to the compression of nerve fibers, blood vessels, which in turn can cause different pathological symptoms.These are frequent headaches, migraines (which means artery artery syndrome or thus-wereked "cervical migraine"), hypertension, weaknesses and fast fatigues, etc.The compression of blood vessels and nerve fibers can appear with a spondylar of 2. Degrees.
Symptoms of arthrosis
Symptoms of Arthrosis of the Leg Joint
Pain, as a rule, is not in the early stages of the disease.But you can see it when moving, the coupler can click, crack, and sometimes very loud.
If the arthrosis is not treated, then the movement without a cane or crutch can become problematic.And in the most difficult cases, the patient completely loses the ability of independent movement.Gonartost, Arthrosis hip and ankle joints are especially difficult.
Symptoms of arthrosis joints
Arthrosis of the handle manifests in the deformation of the fingers: They can bend on them, joints, thickened and hippers appear on them.During worsening, painful joints become hot and painful.Arthrosis of finger prevents accurate movements, the fingers obeyed badly.
Shoulder arthrosis symptoms are expressed, among other things, in restricting mobility.If a healthy wrist has the ability to make different movements with a large amplitude, then an arthrosis of the shoulders, can become impossible to even raise your hand.
Symptoms of temporomandibular wrist arthrosis
The symptoms of the brackish chartrose arthrosis are not too different from others.This is shooting during movement, limiting the mobility of the wrist.Moreover, in the absence of treatment, the patient can generally lose the ability to open his mouth, and even clearly speak.As the disease develops, pain appears, increasing from the cargo and during raw, cold weather.
Symptoms of spondylartrosis
In the early stages, spondyl arthrosis is manifested only by some discomfort in the back.An unpleasant sensation consists of a patient more often than usual, change body position.As the disease develops, pain appears.Initially, it is not strong, but very stubborn and intrusive, and then it can become constant and exhausting.
Forms of arthrosis
Primary and secondary arthrosis
Basic or idiopathic, the arthrosis is called, the causes of development that cannot be detected.This refers to hereditary forms of arthrosis, including.
Secondary arthrosis develops as a result of different pathological processes in the body that can cause changes in joints.It can be an injury, incorrect lifestyle, hard work or disease.In particular, arthrosis can be developed after suffering inflammation in the joint, as well as due to the disease of the vascular system, endocrine disorders and autoimmune diseases.Arthrosis can lead to Mellitus, Gout diabetes, ending and protection.
Localized and generalized arthrosis
The localized arthrosis is characterized by expanding the process for 1-2 joints.The localized arthrosis includes the arthrosis of the hip joint, gonartrosis, bloodface, arthritis temporomandibular wrist, etc.
Causes of arthrosis
Causes of primary arthrosis
The primary arthrosis can be developed for vague reasons, which are not always possible for detection.Famous risk factors include innate and genetic portable body characteristics.
Construction of anomalies
The structure of skeletons, bones and ligaments play a big role in the development of arthrosis.This may be due to injury to bone structure, cartilage and connective tissue, and with irregular formation of bones and joints.
Hereditary predisposition
Genetic disorders can lead to disruption in substance synthesis processes that are cartilage, binding tissue or shared liquid.
Causes of secondary arthrosis
Injuries
As a result of fractures, cracks and wrong fusion, the natural form of compound can be changed, its blood supply can be disrupted.That is why the reason for the development of the arthrosis of large and small joints in 20-30% of cases are injuries.
Excessive load
With too much physical activity of the surface of the articulated joints when moving, it is obtained by the microtraw, which leads to a change in the quality of cartilage and its destruction over time.
Obesity
Excess weight significantly increases the load on the joints of spine and lower extremities.It is this factor that accelerates and grows the course of coxartrosis, arthritis of the ankle joints and knees leg.
Joint joints
Inflammatory processes in the joints are called arthritis and often precede the development of arthrosis.Joint inflammation appears rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis, with gout and psoriasis.
Endocrine diseases
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most significant factors in the development of arthrosis.But other endocrine diseases and conditions can have a negative effect.Specifically, menopausal-related hormonal changes significantly increase the risk of arthrosis in mature women.
Breaches of metabolic processes
Diseases of metabolism also contribute to diseases arthrosis joints.This is gout, osteoporosis and others.Metabolic processes are irregularly emerged in a negative role in the absorption of calcium, protein synthesis and other elements needed to preserve the normal structure of bones, cartilage, ligaments, etc.
Blood disorders
Atherosclerosis, varicose veins and other blood vessels lead to breaches of blood and nutritional bone and joint ingredients.Due to the lack of nutrition, their power decreases and the risk of arthrosis will appear.
Hypodynamy
Lack of movement is harmful to the entire organism, and for a muscle-bone system.Failure to comply with the physical activities negatively affects blood supply by individual bodies and systems, and also often leads to obesity and congestive phenomena.
Diagnosis of arthrosis
Arthrosis can be similar to other diseases that require different treatment methodology.The correct diagnosis is very important for the timely start of arthrosis treatment and selecting the optimal methodology.
Doubts in arthrosis occurs during the initial interrogation based on a set of patient complaints.But that is not enough to establish an accurate diagnosis.
One of the most visual methods remains X -Ray overview: The changes that occur in the joint are clearly visible on the radiograph.The degree of changes visible in the image allows you to determine the degree of disease development.
In addition to radiographs, a thermographic overview, ultrasound, calculated and magnetic resonant recording are used.
Other studies are conducted for differential diagnostics.Specifically, rheumatoid samples, detailed blood test, determination of Uricia level, etc.
Treatment of arthrosis
How to treat arthrosis?
The main thing that the patient must remember with Arthrosis: Treatment must be carried out under the supervision of experts.With home methods, arthrosis cannot be cured.Moreover: If the disease has already developed up to 2-3 phases, it will not be exercised to return the affected joint completely.
Treatment of arthrosis: medicine
The treatment of joint arthrosis must be comprehensive.The basis of medicines is Chondroprotectors - medications that help maintain their elasticity and strengths that improve the cartilage tissue structure.
Chondroprotectors are available in different forms:
- in capsules and tablets;
- In solutions for intramuscular and intra-carticular injection.
Chondroprotectors are especially effective with an early degree of arthrosis, but their use is also recommended in treating advanced stages of the disease.
To mitigate pain, different anesthetics and analgesics are prescribed in the form of creams, gels for local use or in the form of injections.
In order to mitigate inflammation in the affected joints, non-atleina -infalm ratatoric drugs based on sodium diclofenac, orthofen and metindol.
Muscle cramps are enticing under the influence of Miorelaxans.
In addition, medications are prescribed that contribute to improving blood microcirculation.As an auxiliary substances, the use of vitamins is possible.
Treatment of arthrosis with surgical methods
In the late phases of arthrosis, when the wrist is already significantly destroyed and cannot be added to medical treatment, surgical operations on the wrist can be performed.
Types of surgical treatment of arthrosis:
- Arthroplasty in which mobility can be returned to the affected joint;
- arthrodesis aimed at securing the real estate of the wrist;
- Common resection, it is a complete or partial removal of affected joint elements;
- Prosthetics, in which the injured and destroyed parts are replaced by artificial elements.
Massage, physiotherapy in the treatment of arthrosis
Physiotherapy treatment plays a very important role in combating the symptoms of arthrosis.The patient is prescribed massage, laser and magnetic therapy, acupuncture and other types of treatment.
Treatment courses must be repeated regularly.
Sanatorium-resort treatment of arthrosis
Many sanatorium specializes in treating arthrosis, especially those located near the deposits of therapeutic mud and specialized in mud.
The patients of the arthrosis are marked by therapeutic baths and heating, but all this must be done under strict medical control.Mudlit has limits and contraindications.
Degree of arthrosis
Arthrosis 1. Degree
Early arthrosis degrees are manifested by insignificant symptoms that cannot be easily noticed:
- some rigidity of the movement, especially after they are in relative real estate;
- The pain at the beginning of the movement disappears after a few minutes;
- Weak creak, crumb, clicks in the joint when making movements;
- Pain after and during physical effort, after vacation, passes.
On the radiograph, small changes in joint structure can be visible, including the appearance of small bone growth along the edges of the articulated compound and slightly expressed narrowing of the shared gap.
Arthrosis 2. degrees
With 2 degrees of arthrosis, all symptoms occur more powerful:
- noticeable limitations of common mobility;
- With any movement, cracks and crumbs in the painful joint are heard;
- The pain for the other degree arthrosis becomes more often and sharper;
- "Initial" pain do not disappear longer after the start of movement;
- On X -Ray, the deformity of the common and growth of osteophytes are clearly visible;
- The diarrhosis of the second degree causes a significant narrowing of the shared gap, can even be noticed for shortened the painful mind.
With 2 degrees of arthrosis development, performance is reduced, and some types of activities become impossible.
3 degree arthrosis
3 degree arthrosis is characterized by heavy damage to the wrist:
- Bone tissue growth and liquid accumulation in a common bag leads to angle increase;
- The movements are significantly limited, sometimes a patient can do anything more than a lovely with affected gate;
- sensitivity to changes in time trailers;
- Strong pain is practically leaving the patient or in motion or at rest;
- The muscles around the painful compound are constantly spasmodic, due to the disorder, gradually gradually atrophy;
- The joint gap is not practically visible on the radiograph, the deformation of the surface of the articulated elements is very pronounced;It is common surrounded by the growth of bone of tissues, destruction of intra -aticular structures and sclerotic changes in the surrounding tissues is noticeable.
Fourth degree arthrosis
Despite the generally accepted classification of the development of arthrosis, which consists of 3 degrees, sometimes distinguishes the most difficult, 4 degrees.Deformation of the wrist arthrosis at this stage of the disease occupies the hardest form: the wrist is completely destroyed and loses functions.At the same time, the patient is experiencing such a strong pain that even minor movements become impossible.Pain does not stop with powerful drugs.
On X - Ray, the fusion of affected bones of joints, joints, expressed sclerotic changes can be seen.
At this stage, deforming arthrosis can only be stopped by surgical operation to protect the destroyed wrist.
Arthrosis prevention
Health health must be downloaded from young people.Arthrosis prevention is careful for your health and seeking a doctor in a timely manner when the first symptoms of arthrosis appear, even slightly expressed.
Prevention measures include maintenance of body weight at the optimal level.
Do not be excessively involved in traumatic sports, train with excessive diligence and irrational load.It is also dangerous to take large breaks in sports, after which the previous load could be destructive for joints and cause arthrosis.
It is advisable to ensure proper, rational diet, excluding alcohol, oily, spicy and canned food.It is absolutely necessary to quit smoking in order to maintain blood vessel health.
For women is always relevant to avoiding close high shoes.And in the menopause period, it is necessary to competently access the issue of hormonal replacement therapy in order to exhibit the body to hormonal stress that can cause the development of arthrosis.
Since injuries become a common cause of arthrosis development, they should be avoided as much damage to the bones, joints and other injuries.
Exercises for arthrosis
Therapeutic gymnastics for arthrosis is very important, as well as sufficient physical activity for disease prevention.
The doctor selects special arthrosis exercises, but there are some general recommendations.
- Arthrosis exercises should not cause pain.
- The intensity of the load must not be large, any overloads are harmful.
- The movements are performed at a slow or medium pace, with moderate amplitude.
- Swimming is very useful and aqua-aerobic in a warm pool.
- Arthrosis exercises must be done daily, without break, for a long time.Desirable always.